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Manucher Ghorbanifar ((ペルシア語:منوچهر قربانیفر); nickname "Gorba") is an expatriate Iranian arms dealer. He is best known as a middleman in the Iran–Contra Affair during the Ronald Reagan presidency.〔Laura Rozen and Jeet Heer, ''American Prospect'', 20 March 2005, (The Front )〕 He re-emerged in American politics during the lead-up to the 2003 invasion of Iraq during the first term of President George W. Bush as a back-channel intelligence source to certain Pentagon officials who desired regime change in Iran.〔Larisa Alexandrovna, 20 April 2006, ''Raw Story'', (Cheney has tapped Iranian expatriate, arms dealer to surveil discussions with Iran, officials say )〕 == Career == Prior to the 1979 Iranian Revolution Ghorbanifar was an agent of Iran's SAVAK intelligence service, and a partner in an Israeli-Iranian shipping company, Starline Iran, which shipped oil from Iran to Israel.〔''Los Angeles Times'', 28 December 1986, (The Iran Deception : REAGAN'S GREATEST CRISIS : CHAPTER 3 : Enough to Make a Middleman Smile )〕〔brown.edu, ( Early Background Report on Manucher Ghorbanifar ), Declassified document described as (Secret, Report, c. September 1, 1981, 1 pp. )〕 Ghorbanifar knew Israel's military attache in Tehran, Yaakov Nimrodi, who helped build SAVAK.〔Jonathan Marshall, Peter Dale Scott, Jane Hunter (1987), ''(The Iran-Contra Connection: Secret Teams and Covert Operations in Reagan Era )'', Black Rose Books, p. 178〕〔(Report ) of the Congressional Committees Investigating The Iran-Contra Affair, 1987, p. 527〕 In 1980 Ghorbanifar was the liaison between the Shah's last Prime Minister, Shahpour Bakhtiar, in exile in Paris, and conspirators in the Iranian armed forces organising what is sometimes known as the Nojeh Coup. The plot was exposed, and hundreds of officers were arrested at Nojeh Air Base on 9-10 July 1980.〔Kenneth R. Timmerman (1988), ''Fanning the Flames: Guns, Greed & Geopolitics in the Gulf War'', (Chapter 5: Thou Shalt Not Threaten American Interest ), The Iran Brief〕 Ghorbanifar had owned a shipping company and headed the logistics branch of the Niqab network which organised the civilian part of the plot. He had been recommended for the role by Bakhtiar.〔Mark J. Gasiorowski (2002), ("The Nuzhih Plot and Iranian Politics" ), ''Int. J. Middle East Stud''. 34 (2002), 645–666. DOI: 10.1017.S0020743802004038, p652〕 Some Iranian sources later accused Ghorbanifar of leaking information to the Iranian government which helped thwart the coup plot.〔Bryan Brumley, Associated Press, 1 February 1987, (Senate Report Calls Iranian Middleman in Arms Sales A 'Suspect Character' )〕 In December 1985 Adnan Khashoggi said in an interview that Ghorbanifar was head of European intelligence under Mir-Hossein Mousavi (Prime Minister from 1981).〔 In 1981 Ghorbanifar was a source for the ''Washington Post''s stories about Libyan hit squads targeting President Reagan and other senior US figures; in 1986 he said he had created the story "To hurt Libya, an enemy of Israel".〔Andrew Killgore, (The Libyan 'Hit Squad' Hoax ), ''Washington Report on Middle East Affairs'', December 2000〕 Ghorbanifar's contribution to the Libyan story contributed to the CIA's 1984 decision to issue a "burn notice" against Ghorbanifar.〔 In the early 1980s Ghorbanifar accompanied Cyrus Hashemi to Israel to arrange a $50m arms shipment, codenamed "Cosmos", to Iran. The deal was cancelled at the last minute with much of the equipment already loaded onto a ship in Eilat.〔Ronen Bergman (2008), ''(The Secret War with Iran: The 30-Year Clandestine Struggle Against the World's Most Dangerous Terrorist Power )'', Simon & Schuster, p144〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Manucher Ghorbanifar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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